Roller bit and reamer



Feb. 2l, 1928.

o DUDA ROLLER BIT AND REAMER Filed sept. 19, 1925 5 Sheets-Shee*` 1 Feb.21, 1928. l 1,660,309 O. DUDA ROLLER EIT AND BEAMER Filed sept. 19, 1925s sheets-snee*` 2 r III.

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Feb. 21, 1928.

O. DUDA ROLLER BIT AND BEAMER Filed Sept. 19, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 5Inventors Patented Feb. 2l, 1928.

'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OSWALD DDA, 0F SOUTH HOUSTON, TEXAS, ASSIGNOR TO REED ROI-.LER BIT COM-PANY, OF HOUSTON, TEXAS, A CORPORATION.

ROLLER BIT AND REAHER.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in a. drill andreamer.

One object of the invention is to provide a boring tool, of the rollertype and having an improved design to increase the clearance between'the drill head and the sides and bottom of the bore, for the return ofthe slush and cuttings.

Another object of the invention is to provide a drill, of the rollertype so constructed that the abrading rollers, working against thebottom of the bore, will disintegrate the material at the bottom so asto keep said bottom comparatively free from steps, or offsets, as formedby certain types of drills now used, to the end that the disintegratedmaterial will 'be quickly swept from lthe bottom, by the flushing Huid,and will' not remain under the drill to impede progress and wear awaythe roller teeth.

A further object of the invention is to provide a roller drill bit andYreamer having a tong space between the bit proper and reamer, for theapplication of tongs in handling the tool in the derrick.

A further feature of the invention resides in the provision of a rollerdrill having the rollers arranged in pairs, the rollers of each pairbeing arranged to track and having teeth arranged to form cuts in thematerial of the bottom of the bore at angles to each other to facilitatethe disintegration of the hard formation being pierced.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a drill having adrill head so formed as to permit the cutting rollers to be disposedtherein in such relation that the entire bott-om of the bore will beoperated upon by said cutters, to the end that no central upstandingcore will be left. whereon' the head may ride, to retard drilling, assometimes happens when certain types of drill, now commonly employed,are used. This type of drill head is also provided with courses foriiushing fluid so arranged and designed as to insure the washing, orflushing, of the bore from the cutter towards the outside and to preventcongestion of cuttings beneath the rollers, thus reducing the wear onthe roller teeth and speeding up the work.

A special feature of the invention consists of the toothed formation ofthe rollers, this formation being such that the troughs, or grooves,between the teeth are concaved to prevent the clogging. of cuttingsbetween said teeth and another special feature of the invention residesin a type of bearing pin employed, the saine vhaving an eccentric endextension, adapted to seat in a recess inthe adjacent partrof the drill,to lock said pin against turning.

It is also an object of the inventor to provide a roller drill andreamer so constructed and assembled that no movable parts are adjacentthe head itself, thus reducing the wear on said head, so that the toolmay be renewed, from time to time, by merely renewing -the rollingcutters, bearing pins and minor parts thus resulting in great economy 1nuse.

A still further feature of the invention resides in the provision ofcleaning devices adapted to co-operate with the cross rollers and sidecutters, and provided for the purpose of cleaning from said crossrollers and cutters the formation having a tendency to adlere theretoand ret-ard the progress of the The invention also embodies novelconstruction and arrangement of reamers, and certain novel means forretaining the parts in assembled relation.

lVith the above and other objects in view this invention has particularrelation to certain novel features of construction, operation andarrangement lof parts, an example of which is given in thisspecification, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein lFigure 1 shows a vertical sectional view of the drilling tool, the drillbit head portion being shown on the line 1-1 of Figure 2 and the reamerportion being shown on the line 1-1 of Figure 3, looking in thedirection indicated by the arrows in these respective Figures 2 andFigure 2 shows a bottom view.

Figure 3 shows a cross sectional View of the reamer. v

Figures 4 and 5 respectively show enlarged fragmentary perspective viewsof abrading, or cutting rollers employed.

Figure 6 shows a fragmentary view on line 6-'6 of Figure 2.

Figures 7 and 8 show vertical sectional views taken at right angles toeach other, of a drill showing certain modifications of the form shownin the other figure,

Fig. 8L shows details relating to the eccentric Vsleeve and washer.

Figure 9 shows a horizontal sectional view on the line 9--9 of Figure 8.

'Figure 1() shows a fragmentary sectional view of the type of drillshown in Figure 7 showing another forni of mounting of the side cutters.

Figure 11 shows a fragmentary sectional view thereof showing said sidecutters formed of sections, or in parts, with still another form ofmounting therefor'.

Figure 12 is a similar view to that shown in Figure 11, showing a sidecutting member, of a general frusto-conical contour, and formed of aplurality of cutting discs.

Figure 13 shows a similar View to that shown in Figure 12 with a singlefrustoconical shaped side cutter.

Figure 14 shows a similar View to that shown in Figure 12 with thecutting discs of substantially the same diameter and mounted to rotateon a stationary bushing with separate stationary washers.

Figurer 15 shows a sectional View taken on the line 15-15 of Figure 14.

Figure 16 shows a vertical sectional View of the type of drill shown inFigure 8 with disc-like cross cutters.

Figure 17 shows a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the drillingtool embodying cleaning devices for the cross rollers and side cutters.These cleaning devices may be integral with the head as shown at 74 ordetachable as shown at 75.

Figure 18 shows a fragmentary bottom end view thereof.

Figure 19 shows a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 19-19 ofFigure 17.

Figure 20 shows a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 20-2() ofFigure 17, and

Figures 21 and 22 are details.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, wherein like numeralsof reference designate similar parts in each of the figures, the numeral1 designates the drill bit head, whose upper end or shank 2 is reduced,and elongated, forming a tong space for the reception of'a tong whilehandling the drill in the derrick. This shank has a tapering, internallythreaded box 3, to receive the tapering externally threaded pin 4 on thelower end of the reamer body 5.

The bit head as viewed from the bottom presents an approximatelyelliptical contour with two concaved cross roller pockets 6, 6,separated by a transverse, integral web or partition 7 slightly to oneside of the axis on which the drill rotates. In the respective pockets 6there are located the sets of rolling cross rollers 8 and 9, arrangedalternately. These cross rollers are mounted to rotate on a cross pin 10and the corresponding cutters 8 and 9of the respective sets form beingvbit lead is provided with oppositely dispairs yof cutters, the cutters"of each pair tracking as the drill rotates; The cross pin 1() is mountedin the end bearings 11, 1l, of the head 1 and also has an intermediatebearing in the web 7. A set screw 12 fitted into web 7 and cross pin 1()from beneath locks the cross pin 10 against rotation or lengthwisemovement. .Between each end cross roller 8, 9 and the adjacent headbear- Rotatably mounted in the bit head, on opposite sides of the crossrollers, are the pairs of side cutters 14, 15, and 14, 15, thecorrespondingly arranged side cutters forming a pair and the members ofeach pair arranged to track alternately. The

posed downwardly diverging side cutter pockets 16. 16, to receive andform bearings for said side cutters. These cutters on each side aremounted to rotate on the respective. pins 17, 17 which are inserted intothe head from the outside and whose outer ends have eccentric heads as18, which scat in corresponding side recesses in the head to hold saidpins against turning. Set screws as 2l) are threaded downwardly throughtapped holes, in the head, provided for them and their lower ends engagebehind the eccentric heads 18 to lock the pins 17 against displacement.`

Washers 21 are fitted on the pins 17, and located between the respectivecutters 14, 15, and the adjacent side walls of the pockets 16 and thesewashers are held stationary by means of suitable dowel pins 22, carriedby them, fitting into pockets in said side walls.

The cross rollers 8 and the side cutters 14 have transverse marginalteeth, and their corresponding cutters 9 and 16 of the respective pairs,have peripheral cutting teeth, as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5; Sincethe cutters of each pair track the cuts in the formation made by onewill be across the preceding cuts made by the other, thus conducing torapid disintegration of the forniation. It is to he further noted thatthe grooves of troughs, 23, 24 between the cutting teeth of thesecutters, are concaved. This is an iniportant feature. Heretofore thesegrooves, or troughs, have been triangular, in cross section, the facingsides of the. teeth thus forming acute angles in which the cuttings hada tendency to collect and pack, until said grooves were partly orsometimes completely lilled up with hard, closely packed material,causing the cutters to merely roll around on the formation andpreventing the penetration of the formation by the teeth. It has beenfound that with the concaved grooves or troughs, between said teeth thecuttings will not collect between the teeth but will be forced out, thecutters thus being self cleaning. The teeth of the ings as 7 or 11, arethe stationary washers I cutters 15. also have spaced cross notches 25which enable them to take hold of the formation and said cutters arethereby forced to turn on their axis, as the drill rotates, rather thanto slip and wear flat on one side.

'lhe reamer body 5 has an enlarged section with a plurality, preferablyfour, of concaved, semi-cylindrical pockets 2G. ln these respectivepockets are t-hesectional reamers 2T, preferably formed of two sections,an upper and lower. These reamers have the lengthwise cutting teethadapted to ream out the side walls of the bore and the upper and lowerends of these teeth are beveled inwardly. as shown. These reamers aremounted on the respective bearing pins 28, whose respective ends havebearings in the reamer body. In assembling, these pins are held in placeby the set screws 29, which are threaded through their lower ends intothe reamer body, but when assembled and the A reamer body is connectedto the drill head,

the bearing pins 28 are held in place by the upper end of said drillhead. The upper end of each pin 28 has a reduced eccentric portion 30which fits snugly in a bearing 31 in the reamer. Said pins 28 arethereby held against turning. During drilling operations there is anupward thrust imparted to the reamers so that only the upper ends of thereamer have any appreciable friction against the reamer body.Accordingly, only one friction washer 32 is provided for each reamingcutter and is inserted between the upper end of the cutter and theadjacent bearing face of the reamer body and held against turning by thedowel pin 33.

A fluid course 34 for flushing Huid leads downwardly through the reamerbody and bit head and is formed into an enlarged chamber 35; in saidhead and leading from said chamber there is a relatively large fluidconduit 36, which discharges the main body of the flushing fluid at thecenterof the bore so as to flush the cuttings towards the outside of thebore. There are also relatively small fluid conduits 37 leading from thechamber 35 and entering the side cutter pockets 16 to flush the cuttingsfrom said side cutters.

ln Figures 7, 8 and 9 another forni of the drill is shown. designatesthe bit head. The lower end of this head has a transverse concaved, orsemicylindrical cross roller pocket 39 to receive the cross rollers. andalso has the pin bearings 40, 40 at the ends of said pocket. A bearingpin 41 has its ends supported in the bearings 40 and is held againstturning therein by means of a set screw 42 which is threaded downwardlythrough said head and whose free end seats in a socket in the pin 41.

Fitted over the pin 41 there is an eccentric bearing sleeve 43 whoseends abut the washers 44, 44, which are fitted on the cross In this formthe numeral 38 pin 4l and are interposed between the end cross cuttershereinafter ret'erredto'," and the adjacent end bearings 40, 40. Thesewashers are shown in elevation, in dotted lines, 1n Figure 7 wherein thewasher bearings are shown to have side notches as 45. and the sleeve 43has end projections 46, 46, which lit through said notches and intocoinciding mortises in the inner sides of the end bear- .ings 40, andthe washers 44, as well as the sleeve 43, are thereby held againstturning. This eccentric bearing sleeve is an important feature in thatit makes it possible to locate the pin 4l well up in the pocket 39 wherethe bearings 40 have plenty of stock, and at the Sallie time to locatethe cross rollers, on the sleeve, well beneath the drill head so as togive ample clearance between said head and the bottom of the bore.

The head has a fluid course 48 leading downwardly through it and whoselower end is flared so as to discharge the flushing fluid on the crossroller cutting unit from end to end thereof. Y

There is a relatively thin plate-like removable bridge 49, which has abearing on the sleeve 43 and is located slightly to one side of the axisof rotation ofthe drill. The ends of this bridge abut the inner ends ofthe side cutter bearing pins 50, 50 andvhold said pins in place. Onopposite sides of the cross roller unit hereinbefore referred to, thehead has downwardly diverging side cutter pockets 51, 51 to receive theside cutters 52, 52 which are mounted to rotate on the pins 50. Theouter ends of these pins have the reduced eccentric projections 54, 54which fit snugly in the bores 55. 55 of the head and said pins arethereby held against turning. Fitted on the pins 50, on opposite sidesof the respective side cutters 52 and 52 and lived against rotation arefriction washers 56, 5G. It may be here noted that throughout the drillbit and reamer the construction is such that none of the movable partsare in frictional contact with the head itself, so that the movable andminor parts only are subject to any considerable wear and these may bereadily replaced and practically a new tool thus produced atcomparatively small expense.

There are a plurality of cross rollers 57, 58. mounted on the bearingsleeve 43. The rollers 5T. 58 of each pair are located on opposite sidesof the bridge 49 and are arranged to track. The rollers 57 havecomparatively narrow teeth which readily penetrate the formation andscarify the same, in advance of the rollers 58. which have relativelywide blade-like teeth that move over said scarified surface and readilyabrade it away with chisel-like effect. This is also true of the sidecutting rollers,- one 52` having penetrating teeth to penetrate, andscarify the formation, and the other, 53` having blade-like teeth whichfollow over the scarified surface and abra'de, or chisel, the same awaCcyrtain modifications of the drill structure have been shown and willhere be noted In Figures l0' .and 11 the side cutters 59, and GO, GO aremounted to rotate, in the pockets 51, on a stationary bushing 61, oneend of which has an integral washer 62 and the otherend of which has aremovable, nonrotatable washer 63. These washers protect the side facesof the pocket (S1 against wear. These bushings may be mounted on headedpins, as 64, inserted from the inside and held in place by the bridge49, or as (S5, inserted from the outside of the head and held in placeby the set screws, as at In Figures 12 and 13 the same kind of cuttermounting is employed as shown in Figures 10 and 11, with frust0-conicalcutting members, G7 and 68, respectively, thereon. The cutting unit 67is formed of a plurality of disclike cutters, which taken as a wholeform a unit of general frustoconical contour.

ln Figures 14 and 15 the side cutting unit G7 consists of a plurality ofdisc-like cutters of substantially the same transverse diameter andmounted in the same manner as illustrated in Figures 1() and 11excepting that both end washers as 69, G9, are separate from thebushings 61, and said bushings and washers are non-rotatable on the pinsGel.

Figure 16 shows the same general type of drill as that illustrated inFigure 8, but disclike cutters, as 70, 71, are substituted in place ofthe rolling cutters 57, 58. The cutters 7 0 are beveled inwardly towardthe axis of the drill, to form sharp cutting edges and the end cutters71 are of substantially uniform thickness and each is provided with thespaced marginal cutting edges being so formed to form a bore'of uniformdiameter and to overcome any tendency to form a downwardly contractingbore.

These disclike cutters, above referred to, may be of any desired form,but should be provided with sharp cutting edges to oper atc on theformation with chisel-like effect.

ln the form shown in Figures 17 to 2() inclusive the crossI rollers andside cutters have (ro-operating cleaning devices, provided for thepurpose of dislodging material which would otherwise adhere to them. Indrilling through gumbo. or other sticky formation, the cuttingsfrequently adhere to the cutters to such an extent that they becomecompletely encased with the material, often to such an extent thatVprogress of the drill is seriously impeded or completely stopped. Inorder to remove this offending material, cleaners have been providedwhich, in the case of the cross rollers, consist of cleaning fingers 72,which are carried by the head 1 and which project into the annulargrooves between the cross rollers 8', said grooves being formed byreducing, or narrowing, the serrated margins of said rollers. The sidecutters 14 are provided, one with a single peripheral groove, and theother with a Iplurality of peripheral grooves, as shown in 4igure 17,and the cleaning fingers 7 3 are provided which project into said sidecutter grooves. u

The fingers 72, 7 3 are arranged in the rear of said cutters and may beformed integral with, or detachable from, the head. They effectivelydislodge any material having a tendency to stick to said cross rollers,or side cutters.

From the foregoing it is clear that this type of drilling tool willprovide ample clearance for the return of the slush and cuttings,inasmuch as there is ample clearance for this purpose, between the drillhead and bottom of the bore and side clearance spaces, due to the factthat the cross cutting unit is considerably shorter than the span of theside cutters.

It is also clear thatspecial provision has been made for protecting thehead against wear, so that it can be used over and over again byrenewing the minor parts of the drill. f I

It is for this purpose that the reamer teeth are cut straight, ratherthan of inverted conical contour. With the present construction of saidreamers they will hold the drill from further downward progress when thedrill side cutters become worn away, and thus prevent wearing down ofthe drill head by friction with the walls of the bore. The sections ofeach reamer may also be reversed, so that when the lower section, whichis subjected to the hardest work, is worn away, the upper section may besubstituted for it.

It is to be further noted that on account of the eccentric location ofthe partition 7 and bridge 49, there will be no central core left uncutand to be worn away, at the center of the bore, since every part of saidbottom is traversed by the cutters. If said partition, or bridge, wereat the center, or the axis, of the head, a central core would be left inthe bottom of the bore which would form a bearing on which thepartition, or bridge, would ride, thus retarding t-he progress of thebit through the formation.

It is still further to be noted that ample provision has been made forcleaning the cross rollers and side cutters and thus pre venting thecollection of clogging material thereon.

That I claim is:

1. A drill including a bit head having a lower cross roller pocketprovided with end bearings, a bearing pin mounted in said bearings, aneccentric sleeve fitted on said pin, and cutting members in said pocketand mounted to rotate on said sleeve. i

2. A drill including a bit head having a lower cross roller pocketprovided with end bearings, a. bearing pin mounted in said bearings, aneccentric sleeve fitted on said pin, cutting cross rollers in saidpocket and mounted to rotate on said sleeve, friction Washers betweenthe end bearings and the adjacent cross rollers and common means forlocking the sleeve and washers against rotation.

3. A drill including a bit head having a lower cross roller pocketprovided With end bearings, a bearing pin mounted in said bearings, aneccentric sleeve fitted on said pin, cutting cross rollers in saidpocket and mounted to rotate on said sleeve, friction washers mounted onsaid pin and located between the end bearings and thc adjacent crossrollers, a projection on each end of 20 said sleeve, each Washer havingan opening through which the corresponding projection extends.

4:. A drill including a bit head having a lower cross roller pocketprovided with' end bearings, a bearing pin mounted in said bearings, aneccentric sleeve fitted on said pin, cutting cross rollers in saidpocket and mounted to rotate on said'sleeve, friction washers mounted onsaid pin and located between the end bearings and the adjacent crossrollers, a projection on each end of said sleeve, each washer having anopening through which the corresponding projection extends, the innerside of each end bearing having a mortise into which the correspondingsleeve projection ts whereby the sleeve and Washers are locked againstrotation.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

OSWALD DUDA.

